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A Review of Urban Water Body Challenges and Approaches: (1) Rehabilitation and Remediation
Revisión de Enfoques y Retos en el Estudio de Cuerpos de Agua Urbanos: (1) Rehabilitación y Remediación
Robert M. Hughes,
Susie Dunham,
Kathleen G. Maas-Hebner,
J. Alan Yeakley,
Carl Schreck,
Michael Harte,
Nancy Molina, Clinton C. Shock,
Victor W. Kaczynski, Jeff Schaeffer,
Robert M. Hughes
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, and Amnis Opes Institute, 2895 SE Glenn, Corvallis, OR, 97333
Search for more papers by this authorSusie Dunham
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorKathleen G. Maas-Hebner
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Alan Yeakley
Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR
Search for more papers by this authorCarl Schreck
Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Harte
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorClinton C. Shock
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR
Search for more papers by this authorRobert M. Hughes,
Susie Dunham,
Kathleen G. Maas-Hebner,
J. Alan Yeakley,
Carl Schreck,
Michael Harte,
Nancy Molina, Clinton C. Shock,
Victor W. Kaczynski, Jeff Schaeffer,
Robert M. Hughes
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, and Amnis Opes Institute, 2895 SE Glenn, Corvallis, OR, 97333
Search for more papers by this authorSusie Dunham
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorKathleen G. Maas-Hebner
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Alan Yeakley
Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR
Search for more papers by this authorCarl Schreck
Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Harte
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Search for more papers by this authorClinton C. Shock
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
enWe review how urbanization alters aquatic ecosystems, as well as actions that managers can take to remediate urban waters. Urbanization affects streams by fundamentally altering longitudinal and lateral processes that in turn alter hydrology, habitat, and water chemistry; these effects create physical and chemical stressors that in turn affect the biota. Urban streams often suffer from multiple stressor effects that have collectively been termed an “urban stream syndrome,” in which no single factor dominates degraded conditions. Resource managers have multiple ways of combating the urban stream syndrome. These approaches range from whole-watershed protection to reach-scale habitat rehabilitation, but the prescription must be matched to the scale of the factors that are causing the problem, and results will likely not be immediate because of lengthy recovery times. Although pristine or reference conditions are far from attainable, urban stream rehabilitation is a worthy goal because appropriate actions can provide ecosystem improvements as well as increased ecosystem service benefits for human society.
RESUMEN
esse hace una revisión de cómo la urbanización altera los ecosistemas acuáticos, así como también de las acciones que los administradores pueden tomar para remediar el problema de las aguas urbanas. La urbanización afecta los ríos a través de la alteración de procesos longitudinales y laterales que, a su vez, modifican la hidrología, hábitat y química del agua; estos efectos crean factores químicos y físicos de estrés que perturban la biota. Los ríos urbanos suelen estar sujetos a múltiples factores de estrés que colectivamente se conocen como “síndrome del río urbano” en el cual no existe dominancia de un solo factor de degradación. Los administradores de recursos naturales tienen diversas formas de combatir este síndrome. Estos enfoques van desde protección de cuencas enteras hasta rehabilitación de hábitats a gran escala, pero la prescripción debe ser consistente con la escala de los factores que están causando el problema, y es probable que los resultados no sean inmediatos dado que los tiempos de recuperación son prolongados. A pesar de que se está lejos de poder reconstruir las condiciones prístinas o de referencia, la rehabilitación de los ríos urbanos es un objetivo digno de perseguir ya que la toma de acciones adecuadas pueden lograr mejoras a los ecosistemas así como también un incremento en los beneficios que la sociedad humana obtiene de ellos.
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